• Linear. Long and narrow, its sides nearly parallel. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

• Mesocarp. The middle layer of the pericarp. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010
  
  
• Mesocarp. The middle layer of the pericarp (fruit wall) between the endocarp and exocarp. SCST Seed Technologist Training Manual, 2018

• Shoot. A stem with its attached members. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

• Crown. The persistent base of tufted herbaceous perennials from which new shoots and new roots arise. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

• Rhizome. A horizontal underground stem from which shoots and adventitious roots may arise at the nodes. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

• Seed. The part of a plant which is able to develop into a new plant. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010
  
  
• Seed. Botanically, a seed is a mature fertilized ovule containing an embryonic plant; usually it has nutrient storage tissue and is surrounded by a protective coat, the testa. This structure is a "true seed"; however, the ovules of many species have additional structures of the mother plant attached or fused to the seed coat. For example, the "seed" of Triticum aestivum (wheat) is botanically a fruit because the pericarp (ovary wall) is fused with the seed coat. In these rules the term "seed" will be used in the agronomic sense (i.e. the true seed plus any accessory structures that may be attached when it is planted in the field; see section 3.2 of the AOSA Rules for Testing Seeds Vol. 1). Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 4, 2019
  
  
• Seed. The ripened ovule, enclosing the rudimentary plant and food necessary for its germination. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

• Inert matter.  Inert matter shall include seeds and seed-like structures from both crop and weed plants and other materials not described in section 3.2 and Table 3A or can be described as follows: seeds and seed-like structure from crop and weed plants and other non-seed matter. Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 1, 2019

• Seed lot. A seed lot is a specified quantity of seed that is physically and uniquely identified. 2020 International Rules for Seed Testing, (ISTA)
  
  
• Lot of seed. The  term "lot of seed" means a definite quantity of seed identified by a number, every portion or bag which is uniform, within permitted tolerances, for the factors which appear in the labeling. Agricultural Marketing Service, USDA. Federal Seed Act, Part 201. Federal Seed Act Regulations. 201.2 Terms Defined. Current as of May 21, 2020.

• Seed. The part of a plant which is able to develop into a new plant. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010
  
  
• Seed. Botanically, a seed is a mature fertilized ovule containing an embryonic plant; usually it has nutrient storage tissue and is surrounded by a protective coat, the testa. This structure is a "true seed"; however, the ovules of many species have additional structures of the mother plant attached or fused to the seed coat. For example, the "seed" of Triticum aestivum (wheat) is botanically a fruit because the pericarp (ovary wall) is fused with the seed coat. In these rules the term "seed" will be used in the agronomic sense (i.e. the true seed plus any accessory structures that may be attached when it is planted in the field; see section 3.2 of the AOSA Rules for Testing Seeds Vol. 1). Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 4, 2019
  
  
• Seed. The ripened ovule, enclosing the rudimentary plant and food necessary for its germination. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

• Kind (of seed). One or more related species or subspecies that singly or collectively is usually known by one common name. Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 1, 2019

• Seed. The part of a plant which is able to develop into a new plant. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010
  
  
• Seed. Botanically, a seed is a mature fertilized ovule containing an embryonic plant; usually it has nutrient storage tissue and is surrounded by a protective coat, the testa. This structure is a "true seed"; however, the ovules of many species have additional structures of the mother plant attached or fused to the seed coat. For example, the "seed" of Triticum aestivum (wheat) is botanically a fruit because the pericarp (ovary wall) is fused with the seed coat. In these rules the term "seed" will be used in the agronomic sense (i.e. the true seed plus any accessory structures that may be attached when it is planted in the field; see section 3.2 of the AOSA Rules for Testing Seeds Vol. 1). Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 4, 2019
  
  
• Seed. The ripened ovule, enclosing the rudimentary plant and food necessary for its germination. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

• Radicle. The initial root of the embryo, which develops into the primary root after emergence through the testa during germination. ISTA Handbook of Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary, 3rd Edition, 2010
  
  
• Radicle. The part of an embro giving rise to the root system of a plant. Compare to plumule. SCST Seed Technologist Training Manual, 2018
  
  
• Radicle. The lower portion of the hypocotyl which grows into the primary root. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111
  
  
•  Radicles. Spring from the root; clustered at the base of the stem. TWS

• Shoot. A stem with its attached members. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

• Primary root. The root that develops directly from the hypocotyl of the embryo. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

• Branch. A lateral stem. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

• Staminate. Flower with stamens only. 2020 International Rules for Seed Testing (ISTA)
  
  
• Staminate. Containing stamens only. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

• Inflorescence. A flower cluster. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010
  
  
• Inflorescence. The portion of the plant adapted for flowering and fruiting. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

• Leaflet. One of the divisions of a compound leaf blade. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

• Cylindrical. Having the form of a cylinder. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

• Bud. An unexpanded flower or a rudimentary leaf, stem, or branch. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

• Leaf. Lateral organ of the stem. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

• Shoot apex. The terminal portion of the shoot, containing the main growing point. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

• Leaf. Lateral organ of the stem. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

• Terminal bud. The shoot apex enveloped by several more or less differentiated leaves. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010
  
  
• Terminal bud. The terminal bud occupies the tip of the epicotyl and consists of the apical meristem surrounded and protected by the developing leaves.  Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 4, 2019

• Epicotyl. In Dicotyledons and gymnosperms, the epicotyl includes all seedling structures above the cotyledons. In species with epigeal germination (e.g. Phaseolus vulgaris), the epicotyl, cotyledons and part of the hypocotyl emerge from the soil. In species with hypogeal germination (e.g. Pisum sativum), only the epicotyl emerges, carrying the first foliage leaves above the soil surface. In these species, the epicotyl also bears one or more scale leaves. Dormant meristematic buds in the axils of these scale leaves become active if there is damage to the terminal bud. The conducting tissue of the epicotyl transfers water and nutrients from the hypocotyl and cotyledons to the leaves and terminal bud above. Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 4, 2019
  
  
• Epicotyl. The stem of the embryo or young seedling above the cotyledons. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

• Apical. Belonging to or being at the tip. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

• Seed. The part of a plant which is able to develop into a new plant. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010
  
  
• Seed. Botanically, a seed is a mature fertilized ovule containing an embryonic plant; usually it has nutrient storage tissue and is surrounded by a protective coat, the testa. This structure is a "true seed"; however, the ovules of many species have additional structures of the mother plant attached or fused to the seed coat. For example, the "seed" of Triticum aestivum (wheat) is botanically a fruit because the pericarp (ovary wall) is fused with the seed coat. In these rules the term "seed" will be used in the agronomic sense (i.e. the true seed plus any accessory structures that may be attached when it is planted in the field; see section 3.2 of the AOSA Rules for Testing Seeds Vol. 1). Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 4, 2019
  
  
• Seed. The ripened ovule, enclosing the rudimentary plant and food necessary for its germination. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

• Integument. The envelope of an ovule which becomes the seed coat or testa (generally two integuments present). In coniferous seeds integument also refers to the tissue attaching the wing to the seed. 2020 International Rules for Seed Testing (ISTA)
  
  
• Integument. The envelope of an ovule, which becomes the testa. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010
  
  
• Integuments. Outermost coverings of an ovule. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

• Branch. A lateral stem. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

• Node. The point on a stem from which a leaf arises. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

• Crown. The persistent base of tufted herbaceous perennials from which new shoots and new roots arise. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

• Hair. A uni- or multicellular outgrowth of the epidermis. 2020 International Rules for Seed Testing (ISTA)
  
  
• Hair. An elongated uni- or multicellular outgrowth of the epidermis (e.g. in Anemone). ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

• Germination. Germination of a seed in an ISTA test is the emergence and development of the seedling to a stage where the aspect of its essential structures indicates whether or not it is able to develop further into a satisfactory plant under favourable conditions in the field. 2020 International Rules for Seed Testing, (ISTA)
  
  
• Germination (seed testing definition).The emergence and development from the seed embryo of those essential structures which, for the kind of seed in question, are indicative of its ability to produce a normal plant under favorable conditions. Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 1, 2019
  
  
• Germination (physiological definition). A process involving water uptake, metabolic changes and cell elongation resulting in radicle emergence from the seed. SCST Seed Technologist Training Manual, 2018

• Dormant seeds. Viable seeds, other than hard seeds, which fail to germinate when provided the specified germination conditions for the kind of seed in question. Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 4, 2019
  
  
• Dormancy. Delayed germination or growth; a condition of inactivity. SCST Seed Technologist Training Manual, 2018

• Hard seed. Seeds which remain hard at the end of the prescribed test period because they have not absorbed water due to an impermeable seed coat. Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 1, 2019

• Prostrate. Lying flat on the ground. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

• Hair. A uni- or multicellular outgrowth of the epidermis. 2020 International Rules for Seed Testing (ISTA)
  
  
• Hair. An elongated uni- or multicellular outgrowth of the epidermis (e.g. in Anemone). ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

• Leaf. Lateral organ of the stem. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

• Blade. The expanded portion of a leaf, usually above the sheath of petiole. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

• Fruit. The structure that develops from the pericarp as the enclosed seed or seeds mature. Fruits may have the following attributes: Succulent or dry, depending on whether or not the middle layer of the pericarp (mesocarp) develops into a fleshy covering; Dehiscent or indehiscent, according to whether or not the fruit wall splits open to release the seed; True or simple fruits, which develop from the gynoecium of a single flower, and multiple fruits, which develop from a complete inflorescence; Monocarpellary or polycarpellary, depending on whether they developed from a single ovary or from a number of fused ovaries. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010
  
  
• Fruit. In angiosperms, a mature ripened ovary, usually containing seeds. Some authors include extracarpellary parts adhering to the ovary at maturity. SCST Seed Technologist Training Manual, 2018
  
  
• Fruit. The ripened ovary of a seed plant and associated parts. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

• Gynoecium. The female reproductive part of a flower, composed of one or more pistils. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010
  
  
• Gynoecium. The carpels taken collectively. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

• Simple fruit. A fruit which develops from the gynoecium of a single flower (=true fruit). ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

• Ovule. The immature seed within the ovary. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010
  
  
• Ovule. A structure, consisting of a female gametophyte, nucellus, and integuments, which develops into a seed after fertilization. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

• Embryo. The young plant enclosed in a seed. 2020 International Rules for Seed Testing (ISTA)
  
  
• Embryo. Rudimentary plant enclosed in a seed, usually consisting of a more or less differentiated axis and attached cotyledon(s). ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010
  
  
• The embryo. The product of one of the fusions of the angiosperm fertilization process is the embryo (the other being the endosperm). In gymnosperms the embryo is the only product of the fertilization process. Depending on the species, the embryo develops to varying degrees within the seed, becoming a 'miniature plant' by the end of the growing season. In Phaseolus vulgaris, for example, the embryo is fully developed and the radicle, hypocotyl and epicotyl with primary leaves can easily be observed. The development of the embryo in other species may be much less, with some essential structures being observed only after considerable growth of the seedling. Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 4, 2019
  
  
• Embryo. A young plant before the beginning if its rapid growth. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

• Endosperm. Nutritive tissue originating from fertilization and retained at maturity in some seeds as a storage tissue for food reserves. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010
  
  
• Endosperm.The nutritive tissue developed as a result of fertilization associated with the embryo in seeds. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111
  
  
• Endosperm. Endosperm is one of the products of double fertilization, and in some species, particularly those of the Poaceae, it develops as the storage tissue. In this event, little or no nucellus tissue remains, and the extent of cotyledon development varies. Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 4, 2019

• Testa. Seed coat. 2020 International Rules for Seed Testing (ISTA)
  
  
• Testa. The matured integuments forming the seed coat. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111.

• Branch. A lateral stem. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

• Turgid. Swollen. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111
  
  
• Turgid cells. Each healthy turgid cell is swollen due to high turgor pressure. Tissues made of of turgid cells that stain normally are considered healthy and functional. TWS
  
  
•  Turgid. A balloon that is full of air is turgid. TWS

• Turgid. Swollen. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111
  
  
• Turgid cells. Each healthy turgid cell is swollen due to high turgor pressure. Tissues made of of turgid cells that stain normally are considered healthy and functional. TWS
  
  
•  Turgid. A balloon that is full of air is turgid. TWS

• Dense. Parts massed or crowded together. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

• Distichous. Arranged in two vertical rows. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

• Inflorescence. A flower cluster. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010
  
  
• Inflorescence. The portion of the plant adapted for flowering and fruiting. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

• Standard. The large upper petal of a papilionaceous corolla, as in some legumes. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

• Species. A category of classification lower than a genus that is made up of plants which possess in common distinctive characteristics that are reproduced in their offspring. The species name included second to the genus in the scientific binomial. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

• Seed. The part of a plant which is able to develop into a new plant. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010
  
  
• Seed. Botanically, a seed is a mature fertilized ovule containing an embryonic plant; usually it has nutrient storage tissue and is surrounded by a protective coat, the testa. This structure is a "true seed"; however, the ovules of many species have additional structures of the mother plant attached or fused to the seed coat. For example, the "seed" of Triticum aestivum (wheat) is botanically a fruit because the pericarp (ovary wall) is fused with the seed coat. In these rules the term "seed" will be used in the agronomic sense (i.e. the true seed plus any accessory structures that may be attached when it is planted in the field; see section 3.2 of the AOSA Rules for Testing Seeds Vol. 1). Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 4, 2019
  
  
• Seed. The ripened ovule, enclosing the rudimentary plant and food necessary for its germination. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

• Inert matter.  Inert matter shall include seeds and seed-like structures from both crop and weed plants and other materials not described in section 3.2 and Table 3A or can be described as follows: seeds and seed-like structure from crop and weed plants and other non-seed matter. Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 1, 2019

• Seed blower. A mechanical device utilizing a vertical air stream in a tube to aid in the separation of components in a seed sample. SCST Seed Technologist Training Manual, 2018

• Seed. The part of a plant which is able to develop into a new plant. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010
  
  
• Seed. Botanically, a seed is a mature fertilized ovule containing an embryonic plant; usually it has nutrient storage tissue and is surrounded by a protective coat, the testa. This structure is a "true seed"; however, the ovules of many species have additional structures of the mother plant attached or fused to the seed coat. For example, the "seed" of Triticum aestivum (wheat) is botanically a fruit because the pericarp (ovary wall) is fused with the seed coat. In these rules the term "seed" will be used in the agronomic sense (i.e. the true seed plus any accessory structures that may be attached when it is planted in the field; see section 3.2 of the AOSA Rules for Testing Seeds Vol. 1). Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 4, 2019
  
  
• Seed. The ripened ovule, enclosing the rudimentary plant and food necessary for its germination. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

International Rules for Seed Testing

• Uniform Classification of Weed and Crop Seeds.  For classification of weed and crop seeds, refer to the AOSA Rules for Testing Seeds Volume 3. Uniform Classification of Weed and Crop Seeds, AOSA 2009, and subsequent updates. This entire volume shall be considered part of the Rules and its use is required for determination of classification of the kind of seed under consideration and classification of weed and crop seed contaminants for purity testing. Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 1, 2019

• Entire. Without divisions, lobes, or teeth; usually refers to margins of leaves, petals, and sepals. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

• Kind (of seed). One or more related species or subspecies that singly or collectively is usually known by one common name. Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 1, 2019

• Seed. The part of a plant which is able to develop into a new plant. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010
  
  
• Seed. Botanically, a seed is a mature fertilized ovule containing an embryonic plant; usually it has nutrient storage tissue and is surrounded by a protective coat, the testa. This structure is a "true seed"; however, the ovules of many species have additional structures of the mother plant attached or fused to the seed coat. For example, the "seed" of Triticum aestivum (wheat) is botanically a fruit because the pericarp (ovary wall) is fused with the seed coat. In these rules the term "seed" will be used in the agronomic sense (i.e. the true seed plus any accessory structures that may be attached when it is planted in the field; see section 3.2 of the AOSA Rules for Testing Seeds Vol. 1). Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 4, 2019
  
  
• Seed. The ripened ovule, enclosing the rudimentary plant and food necessary for its germination. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

• Fruit. The structure that develops from the pericarp as the enclosed seed or seeds mature. Fruits may have the following attributes: Succulent or dry, depending on whether or not the middle layer of the pericarp (mesocarp) develops into a fleshy covering; Dehiscent or indehiscent, according to whether or not the fruit wall splits open to release the seed; True or simple fruits, which develop from the gynoecium of a single flower, and multiple fruits, which develop from a complete inflorescence; Monocarpellary or polycarpellary, depending on whether they developed from a single ovary or from a number of fused ovaries. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010
  
  
• Fruit. In angiosperms, a mature ripened ovary, usually containing seeds. Some authors include extracarpellary parts adhering to the ovary at maturity. SCST Seed Technologist Training Manual, 2018
  
  
• Fruit. The ripened ovary of a seed plant and associated parts. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

• Capsule. A dry, dehiscent fruit derived from two or more-many seeded fused carpels. Capsular fruits are classified by the nature of dehiscence and the number of carpels in each fruit. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010.
  
  
• Capsule. A dry dehiscent fruit composed of more than one carpel. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

• Legume. A dry fruit consisting of one carpel, splitting by two longitudinal sutures with a row of seeds on the inner side of the central suture; pod, as in Fabaceae. SCST Seed Technologist Training Manual, 2018

• Species. A category of classification lower than a genus that is made up of plants which possess in common distinctive characteristics that are reproduced in their offspring. The species name included second to the genus in the scientific binomial. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

• Seed. The part of a plant which is able to develop into a new plant. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010
  
  
• Seed. Botanically, a seed is a mature fertilized ovule containing an embryonic plant; usually it has nutrient storage tissue and is surrounded by a protective coat, the testa. This structure is a "true seed"; however, the ovules of many species have additional structures of the mother plant attached or fused to the seed coat. For example, the "seed" of Triticum aestivum (wheat) is botanically a fruit because the pericarp (ovary wall) is fused with the seed coat. In these rules the term "seed" will be used in the agronomic sense (i.e. the true seed plus any accessory structures that may be attached when it is planted in the field; see section 3.2 of the AOSA Rules for Testing Seeds Vol. 1). Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 4, 2019
  
  
• Seed. The ripened ovule, enclosing the rudimentary plant and food necessary for its germination. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

• Conducting tissues. Tissues that transport water and dissolved minerals from the root to the other plant structures, and foods from where they are manufactured (e.g., leaves) to where they are needed for growth or storage. Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 4, 2019

• Leaf. Lateral organ of the stem. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

• Vein. A bundle of threads of fibro-vascular tissue in a leaf or other organ. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111
  
  
• Veins. Strands of vascular tissue visible from the surface of plant structures. SCST Seed Technologist Training Manual, 2018

• Axis. The central line of any organ or the support of a group of organs; the main stem of an inflorescence, especially of a panicle. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

• Dorsal. The side facing away from the axis; the upper part. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010.
  
  
• Dorsal. Relating to the back of a structure of organ. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111
  
  
• Dorsal. In general 'dorsal' refers to the rear or ack or upper surface. TWS

• Opposite. Bearing two leaves or buds at a node on opposite sides of a stem. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

• Leaf. Lateral organ of the stem. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

• Bud. An unexpanded flower or a rudimentary leaf, stem, or branch. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

• Seed. The part of a plant which is able to develop into a new plant. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010
  
  
• Seed. Botanically, a seed is a mature fertilized ovule containing an embryonic plant; usually it has nutrient storage tissue and is surrounded by a protective coat, the testa. This structure is a "true seed"; however, the ovules of many species have additional structures of the mother plant attached or fused to the seed coat. For example, the "seed" of Triticum aestivum (wheat) is botanically a fruit because the pericarp (ovary wall) is fused with the seed coat. In these rules the term "seed" will be used in the agronomic sense (i.e. the true seed plus any accessory structures that may be attached when it is planted in the field; see section 3.2 of the AOSA Rules for Testing Seeds Vol. 1). Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 4, 2019
  
  
• Seed. The ripened ovule, enclosing the rudimentary plant and food necessary for its germination. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

• Viable. Alive. Seed viability indicates that a seed contains structures and substances including enzyme systems that give it the capacity to germinate under favorable conditions in the absence of dormancy.  SCST Seed Technologist Training Manual, 2018 

• Dormant seeds. Viable seeds, other than hard seeds, which fail to germinate when provided the specified germination conditions for the kind of seed in question. Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 4, 2019
  
  
• Dormancy. Delayed germination or growth; a condition of inactivity. SCST Seed Technologist Training Manual, 2018

• Hair. A uni- or multicellular outgrowth of the epidermis. 2020 International Rules for Seed Testing (ISTA)
  
  
• Hair. An elongated uni- or multicellular outgrowth of the epidermis (e.g. in Anemone). ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

• Water potential. The potential energy of water in a solution compared to pure water. A water potential measurement gives an indication of the availability of water in a solution. Bowden, L., Moisture Testing in Wild Species. TWS Website. 2020

• Cluster. A densely crowded inflorescence or, in Beta, part of an inflorescence. 2020 International Rules for Seed Testing (ISTA)

• Hair. A uni- or multicellular outgrowth of the epidermis. 2020 International Rules for Seed Testing (ISTA)
  
  
• Hair. An elongated uni- or multicellular outgrowth of the epidermis (e.g. in Anemone). ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

• Floret. General: An individual flower within a cluster. In grasses: A flower usually enclosed by two bracts (lemma and palea). Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 1, 2019
  
  
• Floret. A flower within an inflorescence or in a grass spikelet. SCST Seed Technologist Training Manual, 2018
  
  
• Floret. The lemma and palea with enclosed pistil and stamens, or, in Poaceae, the mature caryopsis; for the purpose of the Rules, the term floret refers to the fertile floret, with or without additional sterile lemmas. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010
  
  
• Floret. The lemma and palea with enclosed pistil and stamens or the mature caryopsis in Poaceae; for the purpose of the Rules, the term floret refers to the fertile floret with or without additional sterile lemmas. 2020 International Rules for Seed Testing (ISTA)
  
  
• Floret. In grasses, a flower consisting of lemma and palea which enclose the flowering parts -- stamens, pistil and lodicules. May be perfect, staminate, pistillate, neuter, sterile, and so on. A small flower in other plant families. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

• Species. A category of classification lower than a genus that is made up of plants which possess in common distinctive characteristics that are reproduced in their offspring. The species name included second to the genus in the scientific binomial. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111