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Pepo

  • Pepo.  A type of berry with a hard exterior, derived from either the epicarp or the non-carpellary tissue of the plant. In the Cucurbitaceae, the hard exterior is formed from the receptacle of the flower. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

berry

  • Berry. A many seeded fleshy indehiscent fruit. The pericarp usually forms a tough outer skin and the mesocarp becomes massive and fleshy. The epicarp and mesocarp may be highly coloured to attract the animals that act as agents of dispersal.  ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010.

epicarp

  • Epicarp. The outer layer of the pericarp. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

receptacle

  • Receptacle. Apex of a pedicel or peduncle from which the organs of a flower arise. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

Perennial

  • Perennial. Living more than one year. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

Perfect flower

  • Perfect flower. Having both stamens and pistil. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

pistil

  • Pistil.  A part (or whole) of the gynoecium, consisting of either a separate, free carpel or two or more fused carpels. A typical pistil comprises an ovary, a style and a stigma. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

  • Pistil. The ovule-bearing portion of a flower consisting of a stigma, style and ovary. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

Perianth

  • Perianth. A collective term for the calyx and corolla of a flower. Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 1, 2019

  • Perianth. The two floral envelopes (calyx and corolla) or any one of them. 2020 International Rules for Seed Testing (ISTA)

  • Perianth. The floral envelope, including the calyx and/or corolla, that can remain unwithered and often enlarged around the fruit (e.g. in Kochia). ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

  • Perianth. The floral envelope including the calyx and corolla. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

calyx

  • Calyx, calyces (plural). The outer floral envelope composed of the sepals. 2020 International Rules for Seed Testing (ISTA)

  • Calyx, calyces (plural). The outer floral envelope of dicotyledons, composed of the sepals. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010.

  • Calyx. The outer cycle of the perianth; the sepals considered collectively. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

corolla

  • Corolla. The inter-cycle of the perianth; the petals considered collectively. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

fruit

  • Fruit. The structure that develops from the pericarp as the enclosed seed or seeds mature. Fruits may have the following attributes: Succulent or dry, depending on whether or not the middle layer of the pericarp (mesocarp) develops into a fleshy covering; Dehiscent or indehiscent, according to whether or not the fruit wall splits open to release the seed; True or simple fruits, which develop from the gynoecium of a single flower, and multiple fruits, which develop from a complete inflorescence; Monocarpellary or polycarpellary, depending on whether they developed from a single ovary or from a number of fused ovaries. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

  • Fruit. In angiosperms, a mature ripened ovary, usually containing seeds. Some authors include extracarpellary parts adhering to the ovary at maturity. SCST Seed Technologist Training Manual, 2018

  • Fruit. The ripened ovary of a seed plant and associated parts. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

Pericarp, pericarps, fruit coat

  • Pericarp [fruit coat]. The wall of the mature ovary or fruit. 2020 International Rules for Seed Testing (ISTA)

  • Pericarp. The ovary wall. the fruit coat enclosing the seed. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

  • Pericarp. Fruit wall. Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 1, 2019

  • Pericarp. The wall of a ripened ovary; the fruit coat.  Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

ovary

  • Ovary. The basal, expanded part of the pistil that contains the ovules. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

  • Ovary. The basal enlarged portion of a pistil within which seeds develop. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

fruit

  • Fruit. The structure that develops from the pericarp as the enclosed seed or seeds mature. Fruits may have the following attributes: Succulent or dry, depending on whether or not the middle layer of the pericarp (mesocarp) develops into a fleshy covering; Dehiscent or indehiscent, according to whether or not the fruit wall splits open to release the seed; True or simple fruits, which develop from the gynoecium of a single flower, and multiple fruits, which develop from a complete inflorescence; Monocarpellary or polycarpellary, depending on whether they developed from a single ovary or from a number of fused ovaries. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

  • Fruit. In angiosperms, a mature ripened ovary, usually containing seeds. Some authors include extracarpellary parts adhering to the ovary at maturity. SCST Seed Technologist Training Manual, 2018

  • Fruit. The ripened ovary of a seed plant and associated parts. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

pericarp, fruit coat

  • Pericarp [fruit coat]. The wall of the mature ovary or fruit. 2020 International Rules for Seed Testing (ISTA)

  • Pericarp. The ovary wall. the fruit coat enclosing the seed. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

  • Pericarp. Fruit wall. Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 1, 2019

  • Pericarp. The wall of a ripened ovary; the fruit coat.  Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

seed, seeds

  • Seed. The part of a plant which is able to develop into a new plant. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

  • Seed. Botanically, a seed is a mature fertilized ovule containing an embryonic plant; usually it has nutrient storage tissue and is surrounded by a protective coat, the testa. This structure is a "true seed"; however, the ovules of many species have additional structures of the mother plant attached or fused to the seed coat. For example, the "seed" of Triticum aestivum (wheat) is botanically a fruit because the pericarp (ovary wall) is fused with the seed coat. In these rules the term "seed" will be used in the agronomic sense (i.e. the true seed plus any accessory structures that may be attached when it is planted in the field; see section 3.2 of the AOSA Rules for Testing Seeds Vol. 1). Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 4, 2019

  • Seed. The ripened ovule, enclosing the rudimentary plant and food necessary for its germination. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

Perisperm

  • Perisperm. The nucellus may persist as the storage tissue, in which case it is referred to as "perisperm". In Beta vulgaris (beet) the storage tissue is perisperm and there is little or no development of the endosperm following fertilization. Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 4, 2019

nucellus

  • Nucellus. The ovule tissue within the integuments around the embryo sac. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

storage tissue

  • Storage tissue. The storage tissue in seeds may originate from four sources depending on the species: (1) perisperm; (2) endosperm; (3) cotyledons and (4) female gametophyte.   Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 4, 2019

perisperm

  • Perisperm. The nucellus may persist as the storage tissue, in which case it is referred to as "perisperm". In Beta vulgaris (beet) the storage tissue is perisperm and there is little or no development of the endosperm following fertilization. Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 4, 2019

endosperm

  • Endosperm. Nutritive tissue originating from fertilization and retained at maturity in some seeds as a storage tissue for food reserves. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

  • Endosperm.The nutritive tissue developed as a result of fertilization associated with the embryo in seeds. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

  • Endosperm. Endosperm is one of the products of double fertilization, and in some species, particularly those of the Poaceae, it develops as the storage tissue. In this event, little or no nucellus tissue remains, and the extent of cotyledon development varies. Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 4, 2019

fertilization

  • Fertilization. A sexual process in which two dissimilar gametes fuse. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

Persistent

  • Persistent. Remaining attached after other parts have been shed. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

Petal, petals

  • Petal. One of the divisions on a corolla; a showy floral leaf of the perianth. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

corolla

  • Corolla. The inter-cycle of the perianth; the petals considered collectively. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

leaf, leaves

  • Leaf. Lateral organ of the stem. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

perianth

  • Perianth. A collective term for the calyx and corolla of a flower. Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 1, 2019

  • Perianth. The two floral envelopes (calyx and corolla) or any one of them. 2020 International Rules for Seed Testing (ISTA)

  • Perianth. The floral envelope, including the calyx and/or corolla, that can remain unwithered and often enlarged around the fruit (e.g. in Kochia). ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

  • Perianth. The floral envelope including the calyx and corolla. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

Petiole

  • Petiole. The stalk of a leaf. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

stalk, stalks

  • Stalk. The stem of any plant organ. 2020 International Rules for Seed Testing (ISTA)

leaf, leaves

  • Leaf. Lateral organ of the stem. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

Physical dormancy

  • Physical dormancy. A type of dormancy due to the impermeability of seed (or fruit). SCST Seed Technologist Training Manual, 2018

dormant seeds, dormancy

  • Dormant seeds. Viable seeds, other than hard seeds, which fail to germinate when provided the specified germination conditions for the kind of seed in question. Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 4, 2019

  • Dormancy. Delayed germination or growth; a condition of inactivity. SCST Seed Technologist Training Manual, 2018

seed, seeds

  • Seed. The part of a plant which is able to develop into a new plant. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

  • Seed. Botanically, a seed is a mature fertilized ovule containing an embryonic plant; usually it has nutrient storage tissue and is surrounded by a protective coat, the testa. This structure is a "true seed"; however, the ovules of many species have additional structures of the mother plant attached or fused to the seed coat. For example, the "seed" of Triticum aestivum (wheat) is botanically a fruit because the pericarp (ovary wall) is fused with the seed coat. In these rules the term "seed" will be used in the agronomic sense (i.e. the true seed plus any accessory structures that may be attached when it is planted in the field; see section 3.2 of the AOSA Rules for Testing Seeds Vol. 1). Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 4, 2019

  • Seed. The ripened ovule, enclosing the rudimentary plant and food necessary for its germination. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

fruit

  • Fruit. The structure that develops from the pericarp as the enclosed seed or seeds mature. Fruits may have the following attributes: Succulent or dry, depending on whether or not the middle layer of the pericarp (mesocarp) develops into a fleshy covering; Dehiscent or indehiscent, according to whether or not the fruit wall splits open to release the seed; True or simple fruits, which develop from the gynoecium of a single flower, and multiple fruits, which develop from a complete inflorescence; Monocarpellary or polycarpellary, depending on whether they developed from a single ovary or from a number of fused ovaries. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

  • Fruit. In angiosperms, a mature ripened ovary, usually containing seeds. Some authors include extracarpellary parts adhering to the ovary at maturity. SCST Seed Technologist Training Manual, 2018

  • Fruit. The ripened ovary of a seed plant and associated parts. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

Physiological dormancy

  • Physiological dormancy. A physiological inhibiting mechanism of the embryo that prevents radicle emergence. SCST Seed Technologist Training Manual, 2018 

embryo, embryos

  • Embryo. The young plant enclosed in a seed. 2020 International Rules for Seed Testing (ISTA)

  • Embryo. Rudimentary plant enclosed in a seed, usually consisting of a more or less differentiated axis and attached cotyledon(s). ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

  • The embryo. The product of one of the fusions of the angiosperm fertilization process is the embryo (the other being the endosperm). In gymnosperms the embryo is the only product of the fertilization process. Depending on the species, the embryo develops to varying degrees within the seed, becoming a 'miniature plant' by the end of the growing season. In Phaseolus vulgaris, for example, the embryo is fully developed and the radicle, hypocotyl and epicotyl with primary leaves can easily be observed. The development of the embryo in other species may be much less, with some essential structures being observed only after considerable growth of the seedling. Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 4, 2019

  • Embryo. A young plant before the beginning if its rapid growth. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

radicle, radicles

  • Radicle. The initial root of the embryo, which develops into the primary root after emergence through the testa during germination. ISTA Handbook of Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary, 3rd Edition, 2010

  • Radicle. The part of an embro giving rise to the root system of a plant. Compare to plumule. SCST Seed Technologist Training Manual, 2018

  • Radicle. The lower portion of the hypocotyl which grows into the primary root. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

  •  Radicles. Spring from the root; clustered at the base of the stem. TWS

Pilose

  • Pilose. Covered with soft hair. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

hair, hairs

  • Hair. A uni- or multicellular outgrowth of the epidermis. 2020 International Rules for Seed Testing (ISTA)

  • Hair. An elongated uni- or multicellular outgrowth of the epidermis (e.g. in Anemone). ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

Pinnate leaf

  • Pinnate leaf. The leaflets of the leaf blade arranged on each side of the common rachis. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

leaf, leaves

  • Leaf. Lateral organ of the stem. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

blade

  • Blade. The expanded portion of a leaf, usually above the sheath of petiole. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

rachis, rhachis

  • Rachis, rhachis, rachides (plural). The main axis of an inflorescence. 2020 International Rules for Seed Testing (ISTA)

  • Rachis. The main axis of an inflorescence (or compound leaf). Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 1, 2019

  • Rachis. The axis of a spike or raceme. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

Pistil

  • Pistil.  A part (or whole) of the gynoecium, consisting of either a separate, free carpel or two or more fused carpels. A typical pistil comprises an ovary, a style and a stigma. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

  • Pistil. The ovule-bearing portion of a flower consisting of a stigma, style and ovary. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

gynoecium

  • Gynoecium. The female reproductive part of a flower, composed of one or more pistils. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

  • Gynoecium. The carpels taken collectively. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

carpel, carpels

  • Carpel. The female reproductive organ of flowering plants. It consists of an ovary, containing one or more ovules (which became seeds after fertilization), and a stigma, a surface receptive for pollen grains. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

  • Carpel. A simple pistil or an element of a compound pistil. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

carpel, carpels

  • Carpel. The female reproductive organ of flowering plants. It consists of an ovary, containing one or more ovules (which became seeds after fertilization), and a stigma, a surface receptive for pollen grains. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

  • Carpel. A simple pistil or an element of a compound pistil. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

pistil

  • Pistil.  A part (or whole) of the gynoecium, consisting of either a separate, free carpel or two or more fused carpels. A typical pistil comprises an ovary, a style and a stigma. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

  • Pistil. The ovule-bearing portion of a flower consisting of a stigma, style and ovary. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

ovary

  • Ovary. The basal, expanded part of the pistil that contains the ovules. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

  • Ovary. The basal enlarged portion of a pistil within which seeds develop. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

style

  • Style. The slender stalk that bears the stigma. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

  • Style. The slender part of the pistil supporting the stigma. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

stigma

  • Stigma. The pollen-trapping part of a pistil. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

  • Stigma. The part of the pistil receptive to pollen grains. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

ovule

  • Ovule. The immature seed within the ovary. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

  • Ovule. A structure, consisting of a female gametophyte, nucellus, and integuments, which develops into a seed after fertilization. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

Pistillate

  • Pistillate. Having a pistil. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

pistil

  • Pistil.  A part (or whole) of the gynoecium, consisting of either a separate, free carpel or two or more fused carpels. A typical pistil comprises an ovary, a style and a stigma. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

  • Pistil. The ovule-bearing portion of a flower consisting of a stigma, style and ovary. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

Placenta

  • Placenta. The part of the ovary where the funicles attach. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010
   

ovary

  • Ovary. The basal, expanded part of the pistil that contains the ovules. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

  • Ovary. The basal enlarged portion of a pistil within which seeds develop. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

Plumose

  • Plumose. Feathery; as an axis with fine hairs or bristles on both sides. Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 1, 2019

  • Plumose. Feathery. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

axis

  • Axis. The central line of any organ or the support of a group of organs; the main stem of an inflorescence, especially of a panicle. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

hair, hairs

  • Hair. A uni- or multicellular outgrowth of the epidermis. 2020 International Rules for Seed Testing (ISTA)

  • Hair. An elongated uni- or multicellular outgrowth of the epidermis (e.g. in Anemone). ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

bristle, bristles

  • Bristle. A stiff hair; sometimes applied to the upper part of an awn, when the latter is bent. 2020 International Rules for Seed Testing (ISTA)

  • Bristle. A stiff hair, the upped part of an bent awn. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010.

  • Bristle. A short stiff hair. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

Plumule

  • Plumule. The apex of the embryo axis; the embryonic shoot above the cotyledons. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

apex

  • Apex. The tip, point, or angular summit of a structure. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

embryo, embryos

  • Embryo. The young plant enclosed in a seed. 2020 International Rules for Seed Testing (ISTA)

  • Embryo. Rudimentary plant enclosed in a seed, usually consisting of a more or less differentiated axis and attached cotyledon(s). ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

  • The embryo. The product of one of the fusions of the angiosperm fertilization process is the embryo (the other being the endosperm). In gymnosperms the embryo is the only product of the fertilization process. Depending on the species, the embryo develops to varying degrees within the seed, becoming a 'miniature plant' by the end of the growing season. In Phaseolus vulgaris, for example, the embryo is fully developed and the radicle, hypocotyl and epicotyl with primary leaves can easily be observed. The development of the embryo in other species may be much less, with some essential structures being observed only after considerable growth of the seedling. Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 4, 2019

  • Embryo. A young plant before the beginning if its rapid growth. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

axis

  • Axis. The central line of any organ or the support of a group of organs; the main stem of an inflorescence, especially of a panicle. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

shoot, shoots

  • Shoot. A stem with its attached members. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

cotyledon, cotyledons

  • Cotyledon. The first leaf or pair of leaves of an embryo and seedling, often a food-storage organ. The cotyledons may remain in the seed (hypogeal germination) or emerge to become the first photosynthetic organs (epigeal germination). ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010.

  • Cotyledons. The cotyledons are the storage structures of the embryo. They may be only a small portion of the seed in species with endosperm, perisperm or female gametophyte storage tissue, or they may occupy a large portion of the embryo when they are the primary storage tissue (e.g. Phaseolus vulgaris). In epigeal species, the cotyledons may grow quite large and become the first photosynthetic structures of the young plant. In hypogeal species the primary function of the cotyledons is to provide nutrients to the growing seedling until it can produce its own nutrients. In most species the cotyledons shrivel and drop off as their reserves are depleted. In a few species (e.g. Cucurbita pepo, pumpkin) the cotyledons may persist well beyond the seedling stage of growth. In the monocotyledons the cotyledon absorbs nutrients from the endosperm and transfers them to the growing seedling. In the Poaceae the cotyledon is called the scutellum. It is in close proximity to the endosperm and is laterally attached to the embryo axis. In Allium (Liliaceae) the cotyledon tip remains embedded in the endosperm to absorb nutrients but the cotyledon also emerges from the soil (i.e. germination is epigeal) and becomes photosynthetic. Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 4, 2019

  • Cotyledon. The first leaves of the embryo that serve for food digestion and food storage. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

Pod, pods

  • Pod. Dehiscent dry fruit, especially of Fabaceae. 2020 International Rules for Seed Testing (ISTA)

  • Pod. A dry dehiscent fruit, especially in Fabaceae, formed from a single carpel (containing one or more seeds) which on ripening splits along the ventral and dorsal sutures to form two valves, each bearing seeds alternately on the ventral margin. Dehiscence is due to differential drying of the carpel wall, which in some species may result in explosive release of the seeds. The valves may also twist during dehydration, dislodging any remaining seeds. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

  • Pod. A dry many-seeded, dehiscent fruit, such as a legume or a capsule. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

dehiscent fruit, dehiscent

  • Dehiscent fruit. A dry fruit, that experiences desiccation. Seeds within dehiscent fruits will lose moisture content during the later stages of seed development. Bowden, L., Moisture Testing in Wild Species. TWS Website. 2020

  • Dehiscent fruit. A fruit that opens at maturity allowing seeds to be released from the fruit. SCST Seed Technologist Training Manual, 2018

  • Dehiscent. A fruit in which the fruit wall splits open at maturity to release the seed. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

  • Dehiscent. Opening spontaneously at maturity. SCST Seed Technologist Training Manual, 2018

fruit

  • Fruit. The structure that develops from the pericarp as the enclosed seed or seeds mature. Fruits may have the following attributes: Succulent or dry, depending on whether or not the middle layer of the pericarp (mesocarp) develops into a fleshy covering; Dehiscent or indehiscent, according to whether or not the fruit wall splits open to release the seed; True or simple fruits, which develop from the gynoecium of a single flower, and multiple fruits, which develop from a complete inflorescence; Monocarpellary or polycarpellary, depending on whether they developed from a single ovary or from a number of fused ovaries. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

  • Fruit. In angiosperms, a mature ripened ovary, usually containing seeds. Some authors include extracarpellary parts adhering to the ovary at maturity. SCST Seed Technologist Training Manual, 2018

  • Fruit. The ripened ovary of a seed plant and associated parts. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

dehiscent fruit

  • Dehiscent fruit. A dry fruit, that experiences desiccation. Seeds within dehiscent fruits will lose moisture content during the later stages of seed development. Bowden, L., Moisture Testing in Wild Species. TWS Website. 2020

  • Dehiscent fruit. A fruit that opens at maturity allowing seeds to be released from the fruit. SCST Seed Technologist Training Manual, 2018

  • Dehiscent. A fruit in which the fruit wall splits open at maturity to release the seed. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

  • Dehiscent. Opening spontaneously at maturity. SCST Seed Technologist Training Manual, 2018

carpel, carpels

  • Carpel. The female reproductive organ of flowering plants. It consists of an ovary, containing one or more ovules (which became seeds after fertilization), and a stigma, a surface receptive for pollen grains. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

  • Carpel. A simple pistil or an element of a compound pistil. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

seed, seeds

  • Seed. The part of a plant which is able to develop into a new plant. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

  • Seed. Botanically, a seed is a mature fertilized ovule containing an embryonic plant; usually it has nutrient storage tissue and is surrounded by a protective coat, the testa. This structure is a "true seed"; however, the ovules of many species have additional structures of the mother plant attached or fused to the seed coat. For example, the "seed" of Triticum aestivum (wheat) is botanically a fruit because the pericarp (ovary wall) is fused with the seed coat. In these rules the term "seed" will be used in the agronomic sense (i.e. the true seed plus any accessory structures that may be attached when it is planted in the field; see section 3.2 of the AOSA Rules for Testing Seeds Vol. 1). Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 4, 2019

  • Seed. The ripened ovule, enclosing the rudimentary plant and food necessary for its germination. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

ventral

  • Ventral. The side facing towards the axis; the lower surface (dorsal). ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

  • Ventral. The lower or front side; opposite to dorsal. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

dorsal

  • Dorsal. The side facing away from the axis; the upper part. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010.

  • Dorsal. Relating to the back of a structure of organ. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

  • Dorsal. In general 'dorsal' refers to the rear or ack or upper surface. TWS

dehiscence

  • Dehiscence. Opening at maturity by means of pores, valves, slits, etc., as in the case of a capsule or an anther. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111
 

species

  • Species. A category of classification lower than a genus that is made up of plants which possess in common distinctive characteristics that are reproduced in their offspring. The species name included second to the genus in the scientific binomial. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

legume, legumes

  • Legume. A dry fruit consisting of one carpel, splitting by two longitudinal sutures with a row of seeds on the inner side of the central suture; pod, as in Fabaceae. SCST Seed Technologist Training Manual, 2018

capsule

  • Capsule. A dry, dehiscent fruit derived from two or more-many seeded fused carpels. Capsular fruits are classified by the nature of dehiscence and the number of carpels in each fruit. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010.

  • Capsule. A dry dehiscent fruit composed of more than one carpel. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

Pollen

  • Pollen. The male germ cells produced in the anthers. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

anther, anthers

  • Anther. The pollen-producing part of the stamen, borne at the top of the filament or stalk. 2020 International Rules for Seed Testing, (ISTA)

  • Anther. Pollen-bearing part of stamen. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

Pollen grain, pollen

  • Pollen grain. In seed-bearing plants, a microspore containing an immature or mature male gametophyte (microgametophyte). SCST Seed Technologist Training Manual, 2018

seed, seeds

  • Seed. The part of a plant which is able to develop into a new plant. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

  • Seed. Botanically, a seed is a mature fertilized ovule containing an embryonic plant; usually it has nutrient storage tissue and is surrounded by a protective coat, the testa. This structure is a "true seed"; however, the ovules of many species have additional structures of the mother plant attached or fused to the seed coat. For example, the "seed" of Triticum aestivum (wheat) is botanically a fruit because the pericarp (ovary wall) is fused with the seed coat. In these rules the term "seed" will be used in the agronomic sense (i.e. the true seed plus any accessory structures that may be attached when it is planted in the field; see section 3.2 of the AOSA Rules for Testing Seeds Vol. 1). Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 4, 2019

  • Seed. The ripened ovule, enclosing the rudimentary plant and food necessary for its germination. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

Pollen tube

pollen grain

  • Pollen grain. In seed-bearing plants, a microspore containing an immature or mature male gametophyte (microgametophyte). SCST Seed Technologist Training Manual, 2018

ovule

  • Ovule. The immature seed within the ovary. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

  • Ovule. A structure, consisting of a female gametophyte, nucellus, and integuments, which develops into a seed after fertilization. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

female gametophyte

  • Female gametophyte. In gymnosperms the nutritive tissue is the mature female gametophyte, sometimes also referred to as the primary endosperm because it is already present before fertilization.    Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 4, 2019

Pollination

  • Pollination. In angiosperms, the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma. In gymnosperms, the transfer of pollen from the pollen-producing (male) cone to the ovules of the ovulate (female) cone. SCST Seed Technologist Training Manual, 2018

angiosperm, angiosperms

  • Angiosperm. A plant whose seeds are borne within a mature ovary (fruit). SCST Seed Technologist Training Manual, 2018

pollen

  • Pollen. The male germ cells produced in the anthers. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

anther, anthers

  • Anther. The pollen-producing part of the stamen, borne at the top of the filament or stalk. 2020 International Rules for Seed Testing, (ISTA)

  • Anther. Pollen-bearing part of stamen. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

stigma

  • Stigma. The pollen-trapping part of a pistil. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

  • Stigma. The part of the pistil receptive to pollen grains. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

pollen grain, pollen

  • Pollen grain. In seed-bearing plants, a microspore containing an immature or mature male gametophyte (microgametophyte). SCST Seed Technologist Training Manual, 2018

Polycarpellary

  • Polycarpellary. Seeds derived from a number of fused ovaries. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

seed, seeds

  • Seed. The part of a plant which is able to develop into a new plant. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

  • Seed. Botanically, a seed is a mature fertilized ovule containing an embryonic plant; usually it has nutrient storage tissue and is surrounded by a protective coat, the testa. This structure is a "true seed"; however, the ovules of many species have additional structures of the mother plant attached or fused to the seed coat. For example, the "seed" of Triticum aestivum (wheat) is botanically a fruit because the pericarp (ovary wall) is fused with the seed coat. In these rules the term "seed" will be used in the agronomic sense (i.e. the true seed plus any accessory structures that may be attached when it is planted in the field; see section 3.2 of the AOSA Rules for Testing Seeds Vol. 1). Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 4, 2019

  • Seed. The ripened ovule, enclosing the rudimentary plant and food necessary for its germination. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

Pome

  • Pome. A type of false fruit, e.g. apple, pear. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

fruit

  • Fruit. The structure that develops from the pericarp as the enclosed seed or seeds mature. Fruits may have the following attributes: Succulent or dry, depending on whether or not the middle layer of the pericarp (mesocarp) develops into a fleshy covering; Dehiscent or indehiscent, according to whether or not the fruit wall splits open to release the seed; True or simple fruits, which develop from the gynoecium of a single flower, and multiple fruits, which develop from a complete inflorescence; Monocarpellary or polycarpellary, depending on whether they developed from a single ovary or from a number of fused ovaries. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

  • Fruit. In angiosperms, a mature ripened ovary, usually containing seeds. Some authors include extracarpellary parts adhering to the ovary at maturity. SCST Seed Technologist Training Manual, 2018

  • Fruit. The ripened ovary of a seed plant and associated parts. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

Potassium nitrate, kno3

  • Potassium nitrate (KNO3). A chemical used to increase membrane permeability. In animal research, potassium increases membrane permeability and sodium decreases membrane permeability. The nitrate increases stem elongation and shortens roots. SCST Seed Technologist Training Manual, 2018

root, roots

  • Root. In dicotyledons and gymnosperms, the root system serves three major functions: (1) to anchor the plant in the soil, (2) to absorb water and dissolved salts from the soil and (3) to conduct the water and salts to the hypocotyl, cotyledons and epicotyl. The embryonic root, or radicle, is located at the basal end of the embryo and is usually the first seedling structure to rupture the testa. After emergence it is referred to as the primary root. The primary root elongates rapidly and soon numerous root hairs develop, greatly increasing the absorbing surface of the roots. As the seedling continues to grow, secondary roots develop from the primary root and from other secondary roots. Roots may also emerge from other structures (e.g. the hypocotyl) and are referred to as adventitious roots. As in the dicotyledons, the monocotyledon root system serves to anchor the plant in soil, absorb water and dissolved salts from the soil and to conduct the water and salts to the growing seedling. The embryonic root, or radicle, is situated at the basal end of the embryo and, in the case of the Poaceae, its apex is covered by the coleorhiza. After the radicle emerges it is referred to as the primary root. In some species of the Poaceae (e.g. Triticum) the primary root is indistinguishable from the other roots that develop from the scutellar node region and hence all of these are referred to as seminal roots. Roots that develop from structures above the scutellar or cotyledonary node are called adventitious roots. Secondary roots may develop from seminal and adventitious roots.  Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 4, 2019

  • Root. A portion of a higher plant bearing neither leaves nor reproductive organs, usually underground. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

Prechill

  • Prechill. A cold, moist treatment applied to seeds to overcome dormancy prior to the germination test. The prechill method varies among species, but is usually performed by holding imbibed seeds at a low temperature for a specified period of time. Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 1, 2019

seed, seeds

  • Seed. The part of a plant which is able to develop into a new plant. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

  • Seed. Botanically, a seed is a mature fertilized ovule containing an embryonic plant; usually it has nutrient storage tissue and is surrounded by a protective coat, the testa. This structure is a "true seed"; however, the ovules of many species have additional structures of the mother plant attached or fused to the seed coat. For example, the "seed" of Triticum aestivum (wheat) is botanically a fruit because the pericarp (ovary wall) is fused with the seed coat. In these rules the term "seed" will be used in the agronomic sense (i.e. the true seed plus any accessory structures that may be attached when it is planted in the field; see section 3.2 of the AOSA Rules for Testing Seeds Vol. 1). Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 4, 2019

  • Seed. The ripened ovule, enclosing the rudimentary plant and food necessary for its germination. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

dormant seeds, dormancy

  • Dormant seeds. Viable seeds, other than hard seeds, which fail to germinate when provided the specified germination conditions for the kind of seed in question. Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 4, 2019

  • Dormancy. Delayed germination or growth; a condition of inactivity. SCST Seed Technologist Training Manual, 2018

germination

  • Germination. Germination of a seed in an ISTA test is the emergence and development of the seedling to a stage where the aspect of its essential structures indicates whether or not it is able to develop further into a satisfactory plant under favourable conditions in the field. 2020 International Rules for Seed Testing, (ISTA)

  • Germination (seed testing definition).The emergence and development from the seed embryo of those essential structures which, for the kind of seed in question, are indicative of its ability to produce a normal plant under favorable conditions. Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 1, 2019

  • Germination (physiological definition). A process involving water uptake, metabolic changes and cell elongation resulting in radicle emergence from the seed. SCST Seed Technologist Training Manual, 2018

prechill

  • Prechill. A cold, moist treatment applied to seeds to overcome dormancy prior to the germination test. The prechill method varies among species, but is usually performed by holding imbibed seeds at a low temperature for a specified period of time. Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 1, 2019

species

  • Species. A category of classification lower than a genus that is made up of plants which possess in common distinctive characteristics that are reproduced in their offspring. The species name included second to the genus in the scientific binomial. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

Predry

  • Predry. Place the seed in a shallow layer at a temperature of 35°C to 40°C for a period of five to seven days, with provision for circulation of the air.  Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 1, 2019

seed, seeds

  • Seed. The part of a plant which is able to develop into a new plant. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

  • Seed. Botanically, a seed is a mature fertilized ovule containing an embryonic plant; usually it has nutrient storage tissue and is surrounded by a protective coat, the testa. This structure is a "true seed"; however, the ovules of many species have additional structures of the mother plant attached or fused to the seed coat. For example, the "seed" of Triticum aestivum (wheat) is botanically a fruit because the pericarp (ovary wall) is fused with the seed coat. In these rules the term "seed" will be used in the agronomic sense (i.e. the true seed plus any accessory structures that may be attached when it is planted in the field; see section 3.2 of the AOSA Rules for Testing Seeds Vol. 1). Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 4, 2019

  • Seed. The ripened ovule, enclosing the rudimentary plant and food necessary for its germination. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

Primary infection

  • Primary infection. Infection caused by disease organisms present and active in the seed and/or seedling itself. SCST Seed Technologist Training Manual, 2018 

infection

  • Infection. Entrance and spread of disease organisms in living material (e.g., seedling structures) often causing disease symptoms and decay. Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 4, 2019

seed, seeds

  • Seed. The part of a plant which is able to develop into a new plant. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

  • Seed. Botanically, a seed is a mature fertilized ovule containing an embryonic plant; usually it has nutrient storage tissue and is surrounded by a protective coat, the testa. This structure is a "true seed"; however, the ovules of many species have additional structures of the mother plant attached or fused to the seed coat. For example, the "seed" of Triticum aestivum (wheat) is botanically a fruit because the pericarp (ovary wall) is fused with the seed coat. In these rules the term "seed" will be used in the agronomic sense (i.e. the true seed plus any accessory structures that may be attached when it is planted in the field; see section 3.2 of the AOSA Rules for Testing Seeds Vol. 1). Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 4, 2019

  • Seed. The ripened ovule, enclosing the rudimentary plant and food necessary for its germination. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

seedling, seedlings

  • Seedling. A young plant developing from the embryo of a seed. Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 4, 2019

Primary leaf

  • Primary leaf. The first leaf of leaves above the cotyledons. SCST Seed Technologist Training Manual, 2018

leaf, leaves

  • Leaf. Lateral organ of the stem. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

leaf, leaves

  • Leaf. Lateral organ of the stem. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

cotyledon, cotyledons

  • Cotyledon. The first leaf or pair of leaves of an embryo and seedling, often a food-storage organ. The cotyledons may remain in the seed (hypogeal germination) or emerge to become the first photosynthetic organs (epigeal germination). ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010.

  • Cotyledons. The cotyledons are the storage structures of the embryo. They may be only a small portion of the seed in species with endosperm, perisperm or female gametophyte storage tissue, or they may occupy a large portion of the embryo when they are the primary storage tissue (e.g. Phaseolus vulgaris). In epigeal species, the cotyledons may grow quite large and become the first photosynthetic structures of the young plant. In hypogeal species the primary function of the cotyledons is to provide nutrients to the growing seedling until it can produce its own nutrients. In most species the cotyledons shrivel and drop off as their reserves are depleted. In a few species (e.g. Cucurbita pepo, pumpkin) the cotyledons may persist well beyond the seedling stage of growth. In the monocotyledons the cotyledon absorbs nutrients from the endosperm and transfers them to the growing seedling. In the Poaceae the cotyledon is called the scutellum. It is in close proximity to the endosperm and is laterally attached to the embryo axis. In Allium (Liliaceae) the cotyledon tip remains embedded in the endosperm to absorb nutrients but the cotyledon also emerges from the soil (i.e. germination is epigeal) and becomes photosynthetic. Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 4, 2019

  • Cotyledon. The first leaves of the embryo that serve for food digestion and food storage. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

Primary root

  • Primary root. The root that develops directly from the hypocotyl of the embryo. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

root, roots

  • Root. In dicotyledons and gymnosperms, the root system serves three major functions: (1) to anchor the plant in the soil, (2) to absorb water and dissolved salts from the soil and (3) to conduct the water and salts to the hypocotyl, cotyledons and epicotyl. The embryonic root, or radicle, is located at the basal end of the embryo and is usually the first seedling structure to rupture the testa. After emergence it is referred to as the primary root. The primary root elongates rapidly and soon numerous root hairs develop, greatly increasing the absorbing surface of the roots. As the seedling continues to grow, secondary roots develop from the primary root and from other secondary roots. Roots may also emerge from other structures (e.g. the hypocotyl) and are referred to as adventitious roots. As in the dicotyledons, the monocotyledon root system serves to anchor the plant in soil, absorb water and dissolved salts from the soil and to conduct the water and salts to the growing seedling. The embryonic root, or radicle, is situated at the basal end of the embryo and, in the case of the Poaceae, its apex is covered by the coleorhiza. After the radicle emerges it is referred to as the primary root. In some species of the Poaceae (e.g. Triticum) the primary root is indistinguishable from the other roots that develop from the scutellar node region and hence all of these are referred to as seminal roots. Roots that develop from structures above the scutellar or cotyledonary node are called adventitious roots. Secondary roots may develop from seminal and adventitious roots.  Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 4, 2019

  • Root. A portion of a higher plant bearing neither leaves nor reproductive organs, usually underground. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

hypocotyl

  • Hypocotyl. The portion of the seedling axis between the root and the cotyledons is the hypocotyl. The hypocotyl is a transition structure for the transport of water and dissolved salts from the roots to the epicotyl. When a seed with epigeal germination (see section 2.5 for definitions of epigeal and hypogeal germination) is planted in moist soil, the hypocotyl elongates carrying the cotyledons above the soil surface.

    In monocotyledons the hypocotyl is usually not discernible as a separate structure. The mesocotyl is the part of the seedling axis between the scutellum and the base of the coleoptile. In some species (e.g. Zea mays) the elongation of the mesocotyl may be considerable. In others (e.g. Triticum aestivum) the elongation may be imperceptible. Elongation of the mesocotyl is suppressed by light after the coleoptile emerges from the soil.  Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 4, 2019

  • Hypocotyl. That portion of the embryo stem below the cotyledons. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

embryo, embryos

  • Embryo. The young plant enclosed in a seed. 2020 International Rules for Seed Testing (ISTA)

  • Embryo. Rudimentary plant enclosed in a seed, usually consisting of a more or less differentiated axis and attached cotyledon(s). ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

  • The embryo. The product of one of the fusions of the angiosperm fertilization process is the embryo (the other being the endosperm). In gymnosperms the embryo is the only product of the fertilization process. Depending on the species, the embryo develops to varying degrees within the seed, becoming a 'miniature plant' by the end of the growing season. In Phaseolus vulgaris, for example, the embryo is fully developed and the radicle, hypocotyl and epicotyl with primary leaves can easily be observed. The development of the embryo in other species may be much less, with some essential structures being observed only after considerable growth of the seedling. Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 4, 2019

  • Embryo. A young plant before the beginning if its rapid growth. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

Proliferous

  • Proliferous. Bearing vegetative buds or bulblets in the inflorescence. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

bud, buds

  • Bud. An unexpanded flower or a rudimentary leaf, stem, or branch. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

bulblet, bulblets

  • Bulblet. A small bulb; an aerial bulblike structure, usually borne in the axil of a leaf or bract. Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 1, 2019

inflorescence

  • Inflorescence. A flower cluster. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

  • Inflorescence. The portion of the plant adapted for flowering and fruiting. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

Prostrate

  • Prostrate. Lying flat on the ground. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

Protandry

  • Protandry. Anthers of a lower shed their pollen before the stigmas are receptive. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

anther, anthers

  • Anther. The pollen-producing part of the stamen, borne at the top of the filament or stalk. 2020 International Rules for Seed Testing, (ISTA)

  • Anther. Pollen-bearing part of stamen. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

pollen

  • Pollen. The male germ cells produced in the anthers. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

Protogyny

  • Protogyny. The stigmas of a flower are receptive before its anthers shed their pollen. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

anther, anthers

  • Anther. The pollen-producing part of the stamen, borne at the top of the filament or stalk. 2020 International Rules for Seed Testing, (ISTA)

  • Anther. Pollen-bearing part of stamen. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

pollen

  • Pollen. The male germ cells produced in the anthers. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

Pseudocarp

  • Pseudocarp. A false fruit, e.g. pome (apple, pear), strawberry. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

  • Pseudocarp. A fruit, such as strawberry, apple or pear, including parts other than the ripened ovary. Also referred to as: false fruit, accessory fruit. TWS

fruit

  • Fruit. The structure that develops from the pericarp as the enclosed seed or seeds mature. Fruits may have the following attributes: Succulent or dry, depending on whether or not the middle layer of the pericarp (mesocarp) develops into a fleshy covering; Dehiscent or indehiscent, according to whether or not the fruit wall splits open to release the seed; True or simple fruits, which develop from the gynoecium of a single flower, and multiple fruits, which develop from a complete inflorescence; Monocarpellary or polycarpellary, depending on whether they developed from a single ovary or from a number of fused ovaries. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

  • Fruit. In angiosperms, a mature ripened ovary, usually containing seeds. Some authors include extracarpellary parts adhering to the ovary at maturity. SCST Seed Technologist Training Manual, 2018

  • Fruit. The ripened ovary of a seed plant and associated parts. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

pome

  • Pome. A type of false fruit, e.g. apple, pear. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

ovary

  • Ovary. The basal, expanded part of the pistil that contains the ovules. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

  • Ovary. The basal enlarged portion of a pistil within which seeds develop. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

accessory fruit

  • Accessory fruit. A fruit, or collection of fruits, whose fleshy parts are derived  mostly from tissues other than the ovary. SCST Seed Technologist Training Manual, 2018

Puberulent

  • Puberulent. Very short hairs. SCST Seed Technologist Training Manual, 2018

hair, hairs

  • Hair. A uni- or multicellular outgrowth of the epidermis. 2020 International Rules for Seed Testing (ISTA)

  • Hair. An elongated uni- or multicellular outgrowth of the epidermis (e.g. in Anemone). ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

Pubescent

  • Pubescent. Covered with soft hairs. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

hair, hairs

  • Hair. A uni- or multicellular outgrowth of the epidermis. 2020 International Rules for Seed Testing (ISTA)

  • Hair. An elongated uni- or multicellular outgrowth of the epidermis (e.g. in Anemone). ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

Pulse

  • Pulse. Leguminous plants grown for their edible seeds. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

seed, seeds

  • Seed. The part of a plant which is able to develop into a new plant. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

  • Seed. Botanically, a seed is a mature fertilized ovule containing an embryonic plant; usually it has nutrient storage tissue and is surrounded by a protective coat, the testa. This structure is a "true seed"; however, the ovules of many species have additional structures of the mother plant attached or fused to the seed coat. For example, the "seed" of Triticum aestivum (wheat) is botanically a fruit because the pericarp (ovary wall) is fused with the seed coat. In these rules the term "seed" will be used in the agronomic sense (i.e. the true seed plus any accessory structures that may be attached when it is planted in the field; see section 3.2 of the AOSA Rules for Testing Seeds Vol. 1). Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 4, 2019

  • Seed. The ripened ovule, enclosing the rudimentary plant and food necessary for its germination. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

Punctate

  • Punctate. Covered with colored dots, or sessile or embedded transparent glands, of minute depressions. SCST Seed Technologist Training Manual, 2018

sessile

  • Sessile. Without a stalk or pedicel. 2020 International Rules for Seed Testing (ISTA)

  • Sessile. Attached directly by the base and not raised on a stalk. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

minute

  • Minute. A small measure of time. TWS

  • Minute. A small thing. TWS

Pure live seed, pls

  • Pure live seed. The percentage of pure seeds in a lot that are viable. The basic formula to calculate Pure Live Seed (PLS) is: Percent (%) Pure x Percent (%) Total Viable / 100 = % PLS        where  (% Total Viable = % Germination + %Hard Seed + %Dormant Seed). Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 1, 2019

seed, seeds

  • Seed. The part of a plant which is able to develop into a new plant. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

  • Seed. Botanically, a seed is a mature fertilized ovule containing an embryonic plant; usually it has nutrient storage tissue and is surrounded by a protective coat, the testa. This structure is a "true seed"; however, the ovules of many species have additional structures of the mother plant attached or fused to the seed coat. For example, the "seed" of Triticum aestivum (wheat) is botanically a fruit because the pericarp (ovary wall) is fused with the seed coat. In these rules the term "seed" will be used in the agronomic sense (i.e. the true seed plus any accessory structures that may be attached when it is planted in the field; see section 3.2 of the AOSA Rules for Testing Seeds Vol. 1). Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 4, 2019

  • Seed. The ripened ovule, enclosing the rudimentary plant and food necessary for its germination. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

viable

  • Viable. Alive. Seed viability indicates that a seed contains structures and substances including enzyme systems that give it the capacity to germinate under favorable conditions in the absence of dormancy.  SCST Seed Technologist Training Manual, 2018 

pure live seed

  • Pure live seed. The percentage of pure seeds in a lot that are viable. The basic formula to calculate Pure Live Seed (PLS) is: Percent (%) Pure x Percent (%) Total Viable / 100 = % PLS        where  (% Total Viable = % Germination + %Hard Seed + %Dormant Seed). Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 1, 2019

pure live seed, pls

  • Pure live seed. The percentage of pure seeds in a lot that are viable. The basic formula to calculate Pure Live Seed (PLS) is: Percent (%) Pure x Percent (%) Total Viable / 100 = % PLS        where  (% Total Viable = % Germination + %Hard Seed + %Dormant Seed). Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 1, 2019

germination

  • Germination. Germination of a seed in an ISTA test is the emergence and development of the seedling to a stage where the aspect of its essential structures indicates whether or not it is able to develop further into a satisfactory plant under favourable conditions in the field. 2020 International Rules for Seed Testing, (ISTA)

  • Germination (seed testing definition).The emergence and development from the seed embryo of those essential structures which, for the kind of seed in question, are indicative of its ability to produce a normal plant under favorable conditions. Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 1, 2019

  • Germination (physiological definition). A process involving water uptake, metabolic changes and cell elongation resulting in radicle emergence from the seed. SCST Seed Technologist Training Manual, 2018

hard seed, hard seeds

  • Hard seed. Seeds which remain hard at the end of the prescribed test period because they have not absorbed water due to an impermeable seed coat. Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 1, 2019

dormant seeds, dormant seed

  • Dormant seeds. Viable seeds, other than hard seeds, which fail to germinate when provided the specified germination conditions for the kind of seed in question. Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 4, 2019

  • Dormancy. Delayed germination or growth; a condition of inactivity. SCST Seed Technologist Training Manual, 2018

Pure seed unit, psu

  • Pure seed unit (PSU). The seed units described in Table 3A shall be considered pure seed. Structures not specifically described as part of the PSU shall be removed and classified as inert matter (refer to section 3.5). Seeds of other species adhering to seed units of the kind under consideration shall be detached and classified as either weed seed or other crop seed (refer to section 4). The PSU numbers given for species in Table 2A correspond to the PSU numbers in Table 3A. Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 1, 2019

seed, seeds

  • Seed. The part of a plant which is able to develop into a new plant. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

  • Seed. Botanically, a seed is a mature fertilized ovule containing an embryonic plant; usually it has nutrient storage tissue and is surrounded by a protective coat, the testa. This structure is a "true seed"; however, the ovules of many species have additional structures of the mother plant attached or fused to the seed coat. For example, the "seed" of Triticum aestivum (wheat) is botanically a fruit because the pericarp (ovary wall) is fused with the seed coat. In these rules the term "seed" will be used in the agronomic sense (i.e. the true seed plus any accessory structures that may be attached when it is planted in the field; see section 3.2 of the AOSA Rules for Testing Seeds Vol. 1). Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 4, 2019

  • Seed. The ripened ovule, enclosing the rudimentary plant and food necessary for its germination. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

pure seed unit, psu

  • Pure seed unit (PSU). The seed units described in Table 3A shall be considered pure seed. Structures not specifically described as part of the PSU shall be removed and classified as inert matter (refer to section 3.5). Seeds of other species adhering to seed units of the kind under consideration shall be detached and classified as either weed seed or other crop seed (refer to section 4). The PSU numbers given for species in Table 2A correspond to the PSU numbers in Table 3A. Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 1, 2019

inert matter

  • Inert matter.  Inert matter shall include seeds and seed-like structures from both crop and weed plants and other materials not described in section 3.2 and Table 3A or can be described as follows: seeds and seed-like structure from crop and weed plants and other non-seed matter. Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 1, 2019

seed, seeds

  • Seed. The part of a plant which is able to develop into a new plant. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

  • Seed. Botanically, a seed is a mature fertilized ovule containing an embryonic plant; usually it has nutrient storage tissue and is surrounded by a protective coat, the testa. This structure is a "true seed"; however, the ovules of many species have additional structures of the mother plant attached or fused to the seed coat. For example, the "seed" of Triticum aestivum (wheat) is botanically a fruit because the pericarp (ovary wall) is fused with the seed coat. In these rules the term "seed" will be used in the agronomic sense (i.e. the true seed plus any accessory structures that may be attached when it is planted in the field; see section 3.2 of the AOSA Rules for Testing Seeds Vol. 1). Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 4, 2019

  • Seed. The ripened ovule, enclosing the rudimentary plant and food necessary for its germination. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

species

  • Species. A category of classification lower than a genus that is made up of plants which possess in common distinctive characteristics that are reproduced in their offspring. The species name included second to the genus in the scientific binomial. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

kind , kind of seed

  • Kind (of seed). One or more related species or subspecies that singly or collectively is usually known by one common name. Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 1, 2019

weed seed

  • Weed seed. Seeds, florets, bulblets, tubers, or sporocarps of plants recognized as weeds by laws, official regulations, or by general usage shall be considered weed seeds; refer to section 4. Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 1, 2019

  • Weeds. Undesirable species that are excessively competitive, difficult to control or eradicate, poisonous, or simply not wanted. Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 3, 2019

other crop seed

  • Other crop seed. Seeds of plants grown as crops (other than the kind(s) and cultivar(s) included in the pure seed) shall be considered other crop seeds, unless recognized as weed seeds by laws, regulations, or by general usage; refer to section 4. Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 1, 2019

  • Other crop. Species that are usually involved in seed commerce but are not intended to be part of the seed lot being tested. Contamination by these seeds is undesirable in the seed lot but not usually harmful. Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 3, 2019

Purity analysis

  • Purity analysis. The objective of a purity analysis is to determine the physical composition of the working sample. The analysis shall include the identification of the kind, or kind and cultivar of seed under consideration, and all contaminating species and inert matter. Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 1, 2019

  • Purity. The term “purity” means the name or names of the kind, type, or variety and the percentage or percentages thereof; the percentage of other agricultural seed or crop seed; the percentage of weed seeds, including noxious-weeds seeds; the percentage of inert matter; and the names of the noxious-weed seeds and the rate of occurrence of each. Agricultural Marketing Service, USDA. Federal Seed Act, Part 201. Federal Seed Act Regulations. 201.2 Terms Defined. Current as of May 21, 2020.

purity analysis

  • Purity analysis. The objective of a purity analysis is to determine the physical composition of the working sample. The analysis shall include the identification of the kind, or kind and cultivar of seed under consideration, and all contaminating species and inert matter. Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 1, 2019

  • Purity. The term “purity” means the name or names of the kind, type, or variety and the percentage or percentages thereof; the percentage of other agricultural seed or crop seed; the percentage of weed seeds, including noxious-weeds seeds; the percentage of inert matter; and the names of the noxious-weed seeds and the rate of occurrence of each. Agricultural Marketing Service, USDA. Federal Seed Act, Part 201. Federal Seed Act Regulations. 201.2 Terms Defined. Current as of May 21, 2020.

kind , kind of seed

  • Kind (of seed). One or more related species or subspecies that singly or collectively is usually known by one common name. Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 1, 2019

seed, seeds

  • Seed. The part of a plant which is able to develop into a new plant. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

  • Seed. Botanically, a seed is a mature fertilized ovule containing an embryonic plant; usually it has nutrient storage tissue and is surrounded by a protective coat, the testa. This structure is a "true seed"; however, the ovules of many species have additional structures of the mother plant attached or fused to the seed coat. For example, the "seed" of Triticum aestivum (wheat) is botanically a fruit because the pericarp (ovary wall) is fused with the seed coat. In these rules the term "seed" will be used in the agronomic sense (i.e. the true seed plus any accessory structures that may be attached when it is planted in the field; see section 3.2 of the AOSA Rules for Testing Seeds Vol. 1). Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 4, 2019

  • Seed. The ripened ovule, enclosing the rudimentary plant and food necessary for its germination. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

species

  • Species. A category of classification lower than a genus that is made up of plants which possess in common distinctive characteristics that are reproduced in their offspring. The species name included second to the genus in the scientific binomial. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

inert matter

  • Inert matter.  Inert matter shall include seeds and seed-like structures from both crop and weed plants and other materials not described in section 3.2 and Table 3A or can be described as follows: seeds and seed-like structure from crop and weed plants and other non-seed matter. Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 1, 2019

variety

  • Variety. A group of plants related by descent but distinguished from other similar groups by characters too trivial to entitle it to recognition as a species. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

seed, seeds

  • Seed. The part of a plant which is able to develop into a new plant. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

  • Seed. Botanically, a seed is a mature fertilized ovule containing an embryonic plant; usually it has nutrient storage tissue and is surrounded by a protective coat, the testa. This structure is a "true seed"; however, the ovules of many species have additional structures of the mother plant attached or fused to the seed coat. For example, the "seed" of Triticum aestivum (wheat) is botanically a fruit because the pericarp (ovary wall) is fused with the seed coat. In these rules the term "seed" will be used in the agronomic sense (i.e. the true seed plus any accessory structures that may be attached when it is planted in the field; see section 3.2 of the AOSA Rules for Testing Seeds Vol. 1). Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 4, 2019

  • Seed. The ripened ovule, enclosing the rudimentary plant and food necessary for its germination. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

inert matter, inert

  • Inert matter.  Inert matter shall include seeds and seed-like structures from both crop and weed plants and other materials not described in section 3.2 and Table 3A or can be described as follows: seeds and seed-like structure from crop and weed plants and other non-seed matter. Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 1, 2019

Purity working sample

  • Purity working sample. The sub-sample taken from the submitted sample on which the purity analysis is performed. See sections 2.3 b and 3.  Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 1, 2019

purity analysis

  • Purity analysis. The objective of a purity analysis is to determine the physical composition of the working sample. The analysis shall include the identification of the kind, or kind and cultivar of seed under consideration, and all contaminating species and inert matter. Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 1, 2019

  • Purity. The term “purity” means the name or names of the kind, type, or variety and the percentage or percentages thereof; the percentage of other agricultural seed or crop seed; the percentage of weed seeds, including noxious-weeds seeds; the percentage of inert matter; and the names of the noxious-weed seeds and the rate of occurrence of each. Agricultural Marketing Service, USDA. Federal Seed Act, Part 201. Federal Seed Act Regulations. 201.2 Terms Defined. Current as of May 21, 2020.

Pyramidal

  • Pyramidal. Shaped like a pyramid. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

Pyrene

  • Pyrene. Seed enclosed by the hard endocarp from a drupe (or similar structures from multi-seeded fruits). 2020 International Rules for Seed Testing (ISTA)

  • Pyrene, A seed enclosed by the hard endocarp of a drupe, or similar structures from multi-seeded fruits, also kernel or stone (see drupe for illustrations). ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

  • Pyrene. The hard, indehiscent, one-seeded portion of a drupe or drupelet (stone or pit). Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 1, 2019

seed, seeds

  • Seed. The part of a plant which is able to develop into a new plant. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

  • Seed. Botanically, a seed is a mature fertilized ovule containing an embryonic plant; usually it has nutrient storage tissue and is surrounded by a protective coat, the testa. This structure is a "true seed"; however, the ovules of many species have additional structures of the mother plant attached or fused to the seed coat. For example, the "seed" of Triticum aestivum (wheat) is botanically a fruit because the pericarp (ovary wall) is fused with the seed coat. In these rules the term "seed" will be used in the agronomic sense (i.e. the true seed plus any accessory structures that may be attached when it is planted in the field; see section 3.2 of the AOSA Rules for Testing Seeds Vol. 1). Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 4, 2019

  • Seed. The ripened ovule, enclosing the rudimentary plant and food necessary for its germination. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

endocarp

  • Endocarp. The inner layer of the pericarp. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

  • Endocarp.  The innermost layer(s) of the pericarp (fruit wall). SCST Seed Technologist Training Manual, 2018

drupe, drupes

  • Drupe. Indehiscent, one-seeded fruit with stony endocarp and fleshy outer layers. 2020 International Rules for Seed Testing (ISTA)

  • Drupe. A fleshy indehiscent fruit in which the seed or seeds are surrounded by a hardened en-docarp, as in Prunus avium. The endocarp may replace the testa in its protective role, and may also play part in the dormancy mechanism. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

  • Drupe. An indehiscent fruit with a fleshy outer layer and a stony inner layer surrounding the seed. Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 1, 2019

kernel

  • Kernel. A seed within a stone. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

  • Kernel. A whole grain or caryopsis of a cereal. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

stone

  • Stone. In a drupe, the hardened endocarp containing a kernel. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

indehiscent

  • Indehiscent. Not opening; fruits which do not open at maturity. 2020 International Rules for Seed Testing (ISTA)

  • Indehiscent. Fruits in which the fruit wall does not split open at maturity to release the seed (see dehiscent). ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

  • Indehiscent fruit. A fruit that does not open at maturity. Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 1, 2019

  • Indehiscent. Fruits remaining closed at maturity. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

drupelet

  • Drupelet. A small drupe, as one section of a blackberry. SCST Seed Technologist Training Manual, 2018

Pyriform

  • Pyriform. Pear-shaped. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

Q

Quiescence

  • Quiescence. The absence of  growth, usually inferring the absence of environmental conditions favoring growth. SCST Seed Technologist Training Manual, 2018

R

Raceme

  • Raceme. Inflorescence in which the spikelets are pediceled on a rachis. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

inflorescence

  • Inflorescence. A flower cluster. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

  • Inflorescence. The portion of the plant adapted for flowering and fruiting. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

spikelet, spikelets

  • Spikelet. The unit of a grass inflorescence comprising one or more florets subtended by one or two sterile glumes. For the purposes of the Rules, the term spikelet includes, as well as a fertile floret, either one or more additional fertile or completely infertile florets, or glumes. 2020 International Rules for Seed Testing (ISTA)

  • Spikelet. Part of a grass inflorescence including one or more florets subtended by one or two glumes. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

  • Spikelet. In grasses: One or more attached florets usually subtended by one or more bracts (glumes). Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 1, 2019

  • Spikelet. The unit of a grass inflorescence that consists of a pair of empty glumes that enclose one of more florets arranged around a rachilla. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

rachis, rhachis

  • Rachis, rhachis, rachides (plural). The main axis of an inflorescence. 2020 International Rules for Seed Testing (ISTA)

  • Rachis. The main axis of an inflorescence (or compound leaf). Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 1, 2019

  • Rachis. The axis of a spike or raceme. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

Rachilla, rhachilla, rachillae

  • Rachilla, rhachilla. A secondary rachis. In particular in grasses the axis that bears the floret. 2020 International Rules for Seed Testing (ISTA)

  • Rachilla, rachillae (plural). A secondary rachis, in grasses: the axis that bears the floret within the spikelet. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

  • Rachilla. The main axis of a grass or sedge spikelet. Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 1, 2019

  • Rachilla. The axis of a spikelet. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

rachis, rhachis

  • Rachis, rhachis, rachides (plural). The main axis of an inflorescence. 2020 International Rules for Seed Testing (ISTA)

  • Rachis. The main axis of an inflorescence (or compound leaf). Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 1, 2019

  • Rachis. The axis of a spike or raceme. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

axis

  • Axis. The central line of any organ or the support of a group of organs; the main stem of an inflorescence, especially of a panicle. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

floret, florets

  • Floret. General: An individual flower within a cluster. In grasses: A flower usually enclosed by two bracts (lemma and palea). Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 1, 2019

  • Floret. A flower within an inflorescence or in a grass spikelet. SCST Seed Technologist Training Manual, 2018

  • Floret. The lemma and palea with enclosed pistil and stamens, or, in Poaceae, the mature caryopsis; for the purpose of the Rules, the term floret refers to the fertile floret, with or without additional sterile lemmas. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

  • Floret. The lemma and palea with enclosed pistil and stamens or the mature caryopsis in Poaceae; for the purpose of the Rules, the term floret refers to the fertile floret with or without additional sterile lemmas. 2020 International Rules for Seed Testing (ISTA)

  • Floret. In grasses, a flower consisting of lemma and palea which enclose the flowering parts -- stamens, pistil and lodicules. May be perfect, staminate, pistillate, neuter, sterile, and so on. A small flower in other plant families. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111

spikelet, spikelets

  • Spikelet. The unit of a grass inflorescence comprising one or more florets subtended by one or two sterile glumes. For the purposes of the Rules, the term spikelet includes, as well as a fertile floret, either one or more additional fertile or completely infertile florets, or glumes. 2020 International Rules for Seed Testing (ISTA)

  • Spikelet. Part of a grass inflorescence including one or more florets subtended by one or two glumes. ISTA Handbook on Pure Seed Definitions, Glossary. 3rd Edition 2010

  • Spikelet. In grasses: One or more attached florets usually subtended by one or more bracts (glumes). Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Seed Testing, Volume 1, 2019

  • Spikelet. The unit of a grass inflorescence that consists of a pair of empty glumes that enclose one of more florets arranged around a rachilla. Fenwick, J.R. revised 1995. Laboratory Manual for General Crops- Glossary. Unpublished class notes. Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University. Pages 104-111